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Forklift Starter and Alternator
Forklift Alternators and Starters - Today's starter motor is usually a permanent-magnet composition or a series-parallel wound direct current electrical motor along with a starter solenoid installed on it. When current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, mainly via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever that pushes out the drive pinion which is located on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion utilizing the starter ring gear which is found on the flywheel of the engine.
The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, which starts to turn. After the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring within the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This particular action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by means of an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in just one direction. Drive is transmitted in this particular manner through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, like for instance for the reason that the operator did not release the key when the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This causes the pinion to spin separately of its driveshaft.
The actions discussed above will prevent the engine from driving the starter. This important step prevents the starter from spinning very fast that it could fly apart. Unless modifications were done, the sprag clutch arrangement would stop utilizing the starter as a generator if it was utilized in the hybrid scheme mentioned prior. Normally an average starter motor is meant for intermittent use that will prevent it being used as a generator.
The electrical components are made to work for more or less thirty seconds so as to prevent overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are meant to save cost and weight. This is the reason the majority of owner's manuals used for automobiles recommend the operator to pause for a minimum of ten seconds right after every 10 or 15 seconds of cranking the engine, when trying to start an engine which does not turn over right away.
During the early 1960s, this overrunning-clutch pinion arrangement was phased onto the market. Prior to that time, a Bendix drive was used. The Bendix system operates by placing the starter drive pinion on a helically cut driveshaft. When the starter motor starts spinning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, hence engaging with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear enables the pinion to surpass the rotating speed of the starter. At this moment, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and hence out of mesh with the ring gear.
During the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was developed. The overrunning-clutch design that was made and launched in the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive has a latching mechanism along with a set of flyweights inside the body of the drive unit. This was an enhancement as the typical Bendix drive used to disengage from the ring once the engine fired, although it did not stay running.
The drive unit if force forward by inertia on the helical shaft when the starter motor is engaged and begins turning. After that the starter motor becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is achieved by the starter motor itself, for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and then the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, hence unwanted starter disengagement can be avoided before a successful engine start.
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